The Meccan Revelations

Manuscript volume 3 · Page 122

Konya manuscript

Open Arabic sourceOpen English translation

Arabic

وأما الحروف اللفظية فإنها تتشكل في الهواء، ولهٰذا تتصل بالسمع على صورة ما نطق بها المتكلم. فإذا تشكلت في الهواء قامت بها أرواحها، وهذه الحروف لا يزال الهواء يمسك عليها شكلها وإن انقضى عملها، فإن عملها إنما يكون في أول ما تتشكل في الهواء.

ثم بعد ذٰلك تلتحق بسائر الأمم، فيكون شغلها تسبيح ربها وتصعد علوا: ﴿إِلَيْهِ يَصْعَدُ الْكَلِمُ الطَّيِّبُ﴾ [فاطر: ١٠]. وهو عين شكل الكلمة من حيث ما هي شكل مسبح لله تعالى، ولو كانت كلمة كفر، فإن ذٰلك يعود وباله على المتكلم بها لا عليها.

ولهٰذا قال الشارع: «إن الرجل ليتكلم بالكلمة من سخط الله ما لا يظن أن تبلغ ما بلغت، فيهوي بها في النار سبعين خريفا». فجعل العقوبة للمتلفظ بها بسببها وما تعرض إليها. فهٰذا كلام الله سبحانه يعظم ويمجد ويقدس، المكتوب في المصاحف ويقرأ على جهة القربة إلى الله، وفيه جميع ما قالت اليهود والنصارى في حق الله من الكفر والسب.

وهي كلمات كفر عاد وبالها على قائلها، وبقيت الكلمات على بابها تتولى يوم القيامة عذاب أصحابها أو نعيمهم. وهذه الحروف الهوائية اللفظية لا يدركها موت بعد وجودها بخلاف الحروف الرقمية.

English

As for spoken letters, they take form in the air. For this reason they reach hearing in the form in which the speaker pronounced them. When they take form in the air, their spirits subsist within them. The air never ceases to hold their form, even after their action has ended, for their action occurs only when they first take form in the air.

After that, they join the other communities: their occupation becomes glorifying their Lord, and they ascend upward. “To Him ascends good speech” [Fatir 35:10]. This is the very form of the word insofar as it is a form glorifying God Most High, even if it is an utterance of unbelief. Its evil consequence returns upon the one who uttered it, not upon the word itself.

For this reason the Lawgiver said: “A man may utter a word incurring God’s wrath, not thinking it will reach what it reaches, and because of it plunge into the Fire for seventy autumns.” He assigned the punishment to the one who uttered it, because of it, and did not address the word itself. Thus the speech of God, glorified is He, is magnified, glorified, and sanctified: it is written in the copies of the Quran and recited as a means of drawing near to God. Yet it contains all that the Jews and Christians said concerning God in the way of unbelief and insult.

These are words of unbelief whose evil consequence returns upon their speaker. The words themselves remain within their own domain, undertaking on the Day of Resurrection the torment or bliss of those who uttered them. These spoken letters in the air are not overtaken by death after their existence, unlike written letters.

Notes

Translator’s note TN764-1: The distinction is between the form of an utterance and the meaning or intention for which its speaker is responsible. The account of letters’ spirits and their continued existence belongs to the author’s metaphysical treatment of speech.

Manuscript imageManuscript volume 3 · Page 122

Arabic and English are linked by the same Konya page ID. Page alignment is approximate; consult the manuscript image for verification.

Cairo source reference

Ibn al-Arabi, The Meccan Revelations — Manuscript volume 3 · Page 122 — https://www.futmak.com/english/konya/pages.php?id=764&text=both