The Meccan Revelations

Manuscript volume 5 · Page 39

Konya manuscript

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Arabic

فقال سبحانه: ﴿وأُولُوا الْعِلْمِ﴾، لم يقل وأولو الايمان، فإن شهادته بالتوحيد لنفسه ما هي عن خبر فيكون إيمانا. ولهٰذا الشاهد فيما يشهد به لا يكون إلا عن علم، وإلا فلا تصح شهادته.

ثم إنه عز وجل عطف الملائكة وأولي العلم على نفسه بالواو، وهو حرف يعطي الاشتراك، ولا اشتراك هنا إلا في الشهادة قطعا. ثم أضافهم إلى العلم لا إلى الايمان، فعلمنا أنه أراد من حصل له التوحيد من طريق العلم النظري أو الضروري لا من طريق الخبر.

كأنه يقول: وشهدت الملائكة بتوحيدي بالعلم الضروري من التجلي الذي أفادهم العلم وقام لهم مقام النظر الصحيح في الأدلة، فشهدت لي بالتوحيد كما شهدت لنفسي، وأولو العلم بالنظر العقلي الذي جعلته في عبادي.

ثم جاء بالإيمان بعد ذٰلك في الرتبة الثانية من العلماء، وهو الذي يعول عليه في السعادة، فإن الله به أمر. وسميناه علما لكون المخبر هو الله، فقال: ﴿فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لا إِلهَ إِلَّا الله﴾ [محمد: ١٩]، وقال تعالى: ﴿ولِيَعْلَمُوا أَنَّما هُوَ إِلهٌ واحِدٌ﴾ [إبراهيم: ٥٢]، حين قسم المراتب في آخر سورة إبراهيم من القرآن العزيز.

وقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في الصحيح: «من مات

English

He, glory be to Him, said, “and those possessed of knowledge.” He did not say “and those possessed of faith.” His testimony to His own oneness does not rest on a report, which would make it faith. Thus the witness must testify only from knowledge of what he attests, or his testimony is invalid.

Then He, mighty and majestic, joined the angels and those possessed of knowledge to Himself by the conjunction wāw, a letter that indicates participation. Here the participation is certainly only in the testimony. Then He associated them with knowledge rather than faith. We thus know that He meant those who have attained knowledge of divine oneness by way of inquiry or immediate knowledge, apart from the route of a report.

It is as though He said, “The angels testified to My oneness through the immediate knowledge they received from the self-disclosure, which served them in place of sound inquiry into proofs. Thus they testified to My oneness as I testified to it Myself. Those possessed of knowledge did so through the rational inquiry that I placed in My servants.”

He then brought faith after that, in the second rank of those who know. Faith is what is relied upon for felicity, for God has commanded it. We have called it knowledge because the One giving the report is God. Thus He said, “Know that there is no god but God” [Muhammad 47:19], and He, exalted is He, said, “So that they may know that He is only one God” [Ibrahim 14:52], when He set out the ranks at the end of the Sura of Abraham in the mighty Quran.

In an authentic report the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said, “Whoever dies

Notes

Translator’s note TN1315-1: The author uses testimony grounded in rational inquiry, immediate knowledge given in self-disclosure, and faith grounded in a truthful report as distinct modes of knowing. His grammatical point concerns the coordinating wāw, “and,” in Quran 3:18.

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Cairo source reference

Ibn al-Arabi, The Meccan Revelations — Manuscript volume 5 · Page 39 — https://www.futmak.com/english/konya/pages.php?id=1315&text=both