These are called vowels, meaning they were found to be caused by these causes, so they emerged in the form of their causes in the sentence, so the words were expressed with them as they were expressed with their causes. You say: Zaid is your brother, so the nominative sign in Zaid is a dhammah al-dāl, and when the ḍammah is satisfied in your saying Your brother, the waw is a nominative sign in your brother, and likewise in the accusative in I saw your brother Zaid, and in the lower case, I passed by your brother Zaid, and I also saw your brother Zaid. The fatha in Zaid is a sign of the accusative, and the alif in your brother is generated by the opening of the kha, the sign of the accusative. Likewise, I passed by your brother Zaid, so the kasra in Zaid is a sign of lowering, and the yā’ in your brother is a sign of lowering, so I gave the yā’ the rule of its case, so the word made these letters in the genitive case, so it has a ruling. Her parents