Not every messenger is a caliph. Whoever commands, forbids, punishes, pardons, and commands God to obey him, and these qualities are combined for him, is a caliph. And whoever communicates God’s command and prohibition and does not have from himself permission from God Almighty to command and forbid, then he is a messenger who conveys the messages of his Lord, and with this you have the difference between a messenger and a caliph.